Medieval
12 philosophers
Avicenna
Wrote over 450 works, the most famous being The Canon of Medicine used in European univers...
Averroes
The Commentator on Aristotle, his work was essential to medieval European philosophy. Argu...
Maimonides
The Guide for the Perplexed reconciled Aristotelian philosophy with Jewish theology. His 1...
Aquinas
The Summa Theologica is over 3.5 million words. Reconciled Aristotle with Christian theolo...
Adi Shankara
The architect of Advaita Vedanta, the doctrine of nondualism. Taught that Atman and Brahma...
Dogen
Founder of the Soto Zen school in Japan. Returned from China teaching that practice itself...
Al-Kindi
The first philosopher of the Islamic golden age. Directed the translation of Greek philoso...
Al-Farabi
Known as the Second Teacher after Aristotle. The Virtuous City reimagines the Platonic rep...
Al-Ghazali
The Incoherence of the Philosophers shattered the confidence of the Aristotelians. Abandon...
Ibn Khaldun
The Muqaddimah founded the philosophy of history and sociology. Asabiyyah, group solidarit...
Peter Abelard
Sic et Non set church authorities against each other to force students to reason. His love...
William of Ockham
Occams razor warns that entities should not be multiplied without necessity. A nominalist ...