Germany
14 philosophers
Leibniz
Co-invented calculus independently of Newton, causing a bitter priority dispute. Invented ...
Kant
The Critique of Pure Reason is considered the most important work in modern philosophy. Ne...
Hegel
The dialectical method of thesis-antithesis-synthesis influenced Marx and countless others...
Nietzsche
God is dead announced the death of traditional values in modern society. The Ubermensch or...
Heidegger
Being and Time is one of the most influential and difficult philosophy books. Dasein or be...
Frege
The father of analytic philosophy and modern logic. Invented quantifiers and the predicate...
Schopenhauer
The World as Will and Representation argues that a blind, irrational will drives all exist...
Habermas
The leading living philosopher of the Frankfurt School. Communicative action theory: ratio...
Arendt
The Banality of Evil from her coverage of the Eichmann trial is her most controversial ide...
Karl Marx
The Communist Manifesto was published with Engels in 1848. Capital analyzed capitalism as ...
Karl Jaspers
Coined the term Axial Age for the great awakening of thought from 800 to 200 BC. Limit sit...
Rudolf Carnap
A leader of the Vienna Circle. Argued that traditional metaphysics is neither true nor fal...
Hans-Georg Gadamer
Truth and Method founded philosophical hermeneutics. Understanding is always interpretatio...
Herbert Marcuse
One-Dimensional Man argued that consumer capitalism absorbs all opposition. Fused Freud wi...