Germany

14 philosophers

Leibniz

RationalismGermany1646

Co-invented calculus independently of Newton, causing a bitter priority dispute. Invented ...

Kant

IdealismGermany1724

The Critique of Pure Reason is considered the most important work in modern philosophy. Ne...

Hegel

IdealismGermany1770

The dialectical method of thesis-antithesis-synthesis influenced Marx and countless others...

Nietzsche

ExistentialismGermany1844

God is dead announced the death of traditional values in modern society. The Ubermensch or...

Heidegger

PhenomenologyGermany1889

Being and Time is one of the most influential and difficult philosophy books. Dasein or be...

Frege

AnalyticGermany1848

The father of analytic philosophy and modern logic. Invented quantifiers and the predicate...

Schopenhauer

PessimismGermany1788

The World as Will and Representation argues that a blind, irrational will drives all exist...

Habermas

Critical TheoryGermany1929

The leading living philosopher of the Frankfurt School. Communicative action theory: ratio...

Arendt

PoliticalGermany/USA1906

The Banality of Evil from her coverage of the Eichmann trial is her most controversial ide...

Karl Marx

MarxismGermany1818

The Communist Manifesto was published with Engels in 1848. Capital analyzed capitalism as ...

Karl Jaspers

ExistentialismGermany1883

Coined the term Axial Age for the great awakening of thought from 800 to 200 BC. Limit sit...

Rudolf Carnap

Logical PositivismGermany1891

A leader of the Vienna Circle. Argued that traditional metaphysics is neither true nor fal...

Hans-Georg Gadamer

HermeneuticsGermany1900

Truth and Method founded philosophical hermeneutics. Understanding is always interpretatio...

Herbert Marcuse

Critical TheoryGermany1898

One-Dimensional Man argued that consumer capitalism absorbs all opposition. Fused Freud wi...